Small spacecraft missions for planetary science require challenging propulsive maneuvers, such as achieving planetary escape velocities and orbit capture. These maneuvers require a high velocity change (delta-v) capability that exceeds the current state-of-the-art capabilities. To execute these maneuvers, small spacecraft must rely on an electric propulsion system that can carry out high-delta-v maneuvers while operating using low power (sub-kilowatt).
The most critical technology needed for these small spacecraft missions is an electric propulsion system with high throughput of propellant over its lifetime. This means that the system must be able to use a large total mass of propellant to generate the required impulse to carry out the necessary maneuvers. Without this capability, small spacecraft missions would be limited in their ability to execute the necessary propulsive maneuvers, making it difficult to explore planets and achieve mission objectives.
By developing and implementing electric propulsion systems with these capabilities, small spacecraft will be able to overcome the limitations of traditional commercial spacecraft and explore planets in ways previously unattainable. These advancements in technology will pave the way for new discoveries and breakthroughs in our understanding of our own planet and beyond.