The enigmatic iron pillar at the heart of New Delhi’s Qutb Minar complex has stood the test of time, remaining unyielding for 1,600 years in the face of relentless sun and rain. Towering over everything else at an impressive 7.2 meters high and weighing a formidable 6 tons, this ancient marvel can be found nestled in the courtyard of Quwwat-ul-Islam mosque in southern Mehrauli district.
Scientists have been baffled by the enduring nature of this iron giant for centuries. Typically, structures constructed with iron would rust away when exposed to air or moisture. Yet, despite being subjected to harsh weather conditions for millennia, this pillar remains as strong as ever. In 2003, researchers from the Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) in Kanpur finally unraveled its secret – it was primarily made from wrought iron with high levels of phosphorus and no sulfur or magnesium, thanks to a technique called “forge welding.”
This age-old method of construction coupled with a thin layer of misawite on the surface has contributed significantly to its longevity. Today, this remarkable relic serves as a testament to India’s ancient craftsmanship and metallurgy capabilities, showcasing how skilled artisans were able to manipulate metal without modern machinery.
Despite its mysterious origins and missing statue Garuda (the mount of Lord Vishnu), the iron pillar continues to fascinate scholars and visitors alike. To protect this precious piece from further harm caused by human activity, the Archaeological Survey of India has constructed a moat around it. This measure ensures that no one disturbs its peace while still allowing researchers access for study purposes.