The Karuk Tribe has a long history of conducting burns in the fire-prone Klamath Mountains. Researchers are now using 21st-century technology to understand these traditional practices of fire stewardship. Partnering with the Karuk Tribe, researchers from Oregon State University have used a computer simulation model to uncover how the Tribe historically used fire for ecosystem health.
Published in Ecological Applications, the findings of the research show that before the arrival of European colonizers, cultural burning was widespread across the landscape. An estimated 6,972 cultural ignitions occurred annually, with an average of 6.5 ignitions per year for each Indigenous fire steward. The research focused on 1,000 square miles of Karuk Aboriginal Territory in the western Klamath Mountains of northern California, a fire-prone ecosystem that has recently experienced severe wildfires.
Collaborating with the Karuk Tribe Department of Natural Resources, OSU scientists developed historical estimates for cultural ignition locations, frequency, and timing. Statistical parameters were developed with input from Tribal members and knowledge holders using interviews, historical and contemporary maps, ethnographies, recent ecological studies, and generational knowledge. Skye Greenler, who led the partnership when she was a graduate research fellow in the OSU College of Forestry, highlighted the significance of this research in showcasing the extent of Indigenous cultural stewardship across the landscape.
The study provides valuable insights into how Indigenous communities have managed fires for centuries and shows that their traditional practices can be effective in maintaining ecosystem health and preventing wildfires. It also highlights the importance of collaboration between researchers and Indigenous communities to gain a better understanding of local ecological systems and develop effective conservation strategies.
Furthermore, this study also emphasizes how technology can be used to enhance our understanding of traditional practices like fire stewardship by providing new tools for data analysis and modeling. As such, it opens up new avenues for future research that could help us better understand how to manage fires in different ecosystems around the world.
In conclusion, this study highlights