The US Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) is working towards creating artificial intelligence (AI) systems that can enhance aerial combat capabilities and potentially change the dynamics of air warfare. This was demonstrated last September when an F-16 fighter controlled by AI engaged in a dogfight with another F-16 piloted by humans at the US Air Force Test Pilot Training School at Edwards Air Force Base.
The exercise was part of the DARPA Air Combat Evolution (ACE) program, aimed at developing automated control systems with capabilities equivalent to human pilots. The X-62A, also known as the In-Flight Simulation Test Aircraft (VISTA), is based on Lockheed Martin’s F-16D fighter and has been modified for AI integration. Equipped with a Block 40 avionics system and various other modifications, the X-62A has demonstrated the ability to fly without a pilot for long hours.
The goal of the program is to use machine learning to replace humans in controlling aircraft, especially in complex and unpredictable situations like aerial combat. However, safety regulations require strict measures to prevent accidents and chaos during high altitude and speed trials. Despite this, there is always a pilot present in the cockpit for safety purposes.
DARPA aims to regulate AI, establish ethical guidelines for its use, and study human trust in AI through ongoing trials and developments. Successful implementation of ACE could lead to AI systems taking over pilot roles in combat, allowing pilots to focus on more strategic aspects of missions.